Correlation of admission labour admission test in low risk pregnancies with pregnancy outcome

Background: Aim of the study was to evaluate the role of NST (labour admission test) as a screening method in management of low risk pregnancies and to study the correlation of NST with fetal outcome.Methods: A prospective observational study conducted over 500 patients managed at our centre after proper evaluation. Patients were evaluated for mode of delivery and neonatal outcome.Results: The maximum number 352 of patients belonged to 20-30 years age group, 113 patients belonged to 31-35 age group. 200 patients were of 37-40 weeks gestation and 185 were of 40-41 weeks gestation. There were 125 patients in the 41-42 weeks gestational period. Among the 500 pregnant mothers who were included in the study 82.6% had Normal NST, 11.6% had suspicious and 5.8% had pathological NST. Cesarean rate was 14.4% in normal NST group, 58.62% in suspicious group and 72.41% in pathological group study. 6.77% in Normal group had meconium stained liquor at delivery whereas 29.31% in suspicious group and 37.93% in pathological group had same.Conclusions: The non-stress test is an important screening tool to identity the fetus in jeopardy in utero. This enables an appropriate timely intervention to achieve the most favorable outcome.

The duration of intra-abdominal hypertension and increased serum lactate level are important prognostic markers in critically ill surgical patient's outcome: a prospective, observational study

The present study analyzed the clinical significance of duration of intra-abdominal hypertension (IAH) associated with increased serum lactate in critically ill patients with severe sepsis. Materials and Methods: Our study was an observational, prospective study carried out in the Surgical Intensive Care Unit (ICU) at J.L.N Medical College, Ajmer, Rajasthan, India. In our study, we included a total of 100 patients and intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) was measured through intravesical route at the time of admission and after 6, 12, 24, 48, and 72 h via a urinary catheter filled with 25 ml of saline. Duration of ICU and hospital stay, need for ventilator support, initiation of enteral feeding, serum lactate level at time of admission and after 48 h, and 30-day mortality were noted asoutcomes.Results:In our study, an overall incidence of IAH was 60%. Patients with cardiovascular surgery and renal and pulmonary dysfunction were 93.3%, 55%, and 60%, respectively, at the time of admission and 65%, 10%, and 10%, respectively, after 72 h of admission in the surgical ICU. Nonsurvivors had statistically significant higher IAP and serum lactate levels than survivors. Patients with longer duration of IAH had longer ICU and hospital stay, longer duration of vasopressors and ventilator support, and delayed enteral feeding.Conclusion:There is a strong relationship "risk accumulation" between duration of IAH associated with increased serum lactate and organdysfunction. The duration of IAH was an independent predictor of 30-day mortality. Early recognition and prompt intervention for IAH and severe sepsis are essential to improve the patient outcomes

A Study of Hypertensive Risk Factors among Young Adult Males in Western Uttar Pradesh.

Background: Hypertension has been identified as the leading risk factor for mortality. Therefore, the present study has been taken up to find out the relation between anthropometric indices, blood pressure and hypertension so as to identify the population under risk. Methods: The present study was done on 600 male students of age group 16-27 years belonging to FH Medical College, Tundla, Firozabad and St. Andrew`s college, Agra. The anthropometric measurements of the subjects were taken with the slandered instruments with standard techniques described as Height (mt), Weight (Kg), Waist Circumferences (cm), Hip Circumference (cm), Pulse rate Radial pulse felt and counted at wrist for 1 minute. Results: In the present study 43% students were found under low level of stress and more levels of stress were seen in 6%. The prevalence of pre-hypertension was found 69% while hypertension was found 5.75%. Conclusion: Strong association of faulty dietary history, sedentary life style and genetic history was seen with blood pressure.

Correlation between Anthropometric Indices and Lipid Profile in Adults.

Introduction: Obesity is a worldwide health issue, associated with excessive fat accumulation in the body to the extent that health and well-being are adversely affected. Obesity may increase the risk of many diseases such as diabetes, atherosclerosis, hypertension dyslipidemia, gallbladder diseases and cardiovascular diseases. Anthropometric measurements can easily reflect any changes in the lipid concentration in the human body. Intra-abdominal fat has been identified as being the most clinically relevant type of fat in humans. Abnormal visceral fat produces physiological changes that alter lipid profile, leading to dyslipidemia, which in turn increases the risk of cardiovascular events. Body mass index, waist and hip circumferences were found to be useful anthropometric predictors for cardiovascular risk. The aims and objectives of the study are Body mass index, waist and hip circumferences were found to be useful anthropometric predictors for cardiovascular risk. To evaluate the correlation between lipid profiles and anthropometric indices of total and central obesity. Methods: The present study was conducted among 90 adults (45 male, 45 female) in FH Medical College. All subjects were apparently healthy. The serum lipid profile included total cholesterol (TC), highdensity lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and triacylglycerols (TG). BMI (kg/m2) was calculated using Quitelet’s index. Adults were classified according to their BMI into three groups. Results: Average age of males is 40.02 years and females 36.46 years. On the basis of BMI, there was 14.44% of normal weight persons, 26.67% overweight and 58.89% obese. Abnormal levels for TG in 35, TC in 20, LDL in 3, HDL in 27 of the total sample were found. Overall correlations were found between anthropometric analysis and lipid profiles. Conclusion: We found good correlations between anthropometric indices of general and central obesity and lipid profiles. Among, the anthropometric indices WHR proved to be a good predictor of dyslipidemia, showing the importance of using it in clinical practice and for screening of cardiovascular risk. Prospective studies using different parameters to assess abdominal obesity and its relationship to metabolic profile and with larger population are needed to quantify the results for application to community health lifestyle modifications.

Morphometric Evaluation of the Foramen Magnum and Variation in its Shape and Size: A Study on Human Dried Skull.

The foramen magnum is an important landmark located in the posterior part of the cranial base formed by the occipital bone. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the measurements of the foramen magnum in human dried skull and to note the variations in the shape and size of the foramen magnum. Additionally area and index of the foramen magnum were also calculated. Fifty human dried skulls of unknown age and sex were obtained from the department of CMCH Bhopal and FHMC Tundla. Foramen magnum were examined macroscopically for their different shapes. Anteroposterior and transverse diameters, foramen magnum area & foramen magnum index were measured. The foramen magnum shapes were determined as round shaped in 22%, oval shaped in 16%,egg shaped in16%, and irregular in18%,tetragonal in 12% penta and hexagonal 8% each. The mean A-P and transverse diameters of the foramen magnum was determined 38.75mm and 33.44mm respectively. In 4%of skull, the occipital condyle was observed to protrude in to the foramen magnum. The mean foramen index and foramen magnum area were 87.68 & 970.57mm². The data obtained may be useful to the neurosurgeon in analysing the morphological anatomy of craniovertebral junction in trans condylar approach for brain stem lesion.

Plant essential oils as mosquito repellent-a review.

Malaria is considered endemic in 104 countries and territories around the world nessessitating its control. Essential oils belonging to various plant species and possessing mixtures of hydrocarbons have been seen to act as effective repellent against various pests. The monoterpenoids constituting the major component is found to be cytotoxic to plant and animal tissue thus impairing the normal functioning of these tissues. The commercially marketed repellents basically consist of essential oils from plants Cymbopogon nardus, Eucalyptus maculata, Cymbopogon excavatus, Mentha piperita, Azadirachta indica. The volatile nature of these components due to their short duration of efficacy has urged for the development of novel formulations, use of fixatives such as vanillin and combination essential oil plants as repellents. The easy availability and less adverse environmental impact have led to the increased interest in plant origin insecticides as an alternative to chemical insecticides. The present article envisaged to review the reports of essential oils on its effectiveness as repellent.